“Scientific management” as the name
suggests is simply the application of science, in the form of scientific tools
and technique in the field of management. It represents a blend of the two
fields i.e. science and management.
In other words, we can say that it is
the application of scientific approach towards management issues. It also means
discarding the traditional approach of management and adopting a newer approach
for solving the managerial problems.
Scientific management has been defined
differently by different authors, scholars and experts, some of them are as
under-
As defined by ‘The Association of Mechanical
Engineers’ U.S.A., “Scientific Management is the art and science of
preparing, organizing, and directing human effort applied to control the forces
and utilise the materials of nature for the benefits of man.”
F.W.Taylor, ‘The
Father of Scientific management’, has defined “Scientific management
means knowing exactly, what you want men to do and seeing that they do it in
the best and cheapest way.”
In the words of Peter F. Drucker “It is the operational study of work, the
analysis of work into its simplest element and the systematic improvement of
the workers’ performance of each element.”
Under scientific management the problem
is solved through scientific techniques instead of ‘Trial and Error’ method. It
is believed that by adopting the scientific approach a best way of
accomplishing a task can be discovered through continuous experimentation,
observation, research and analysis. Scientific management provides a way for
betterment of approach and activities through overall scientific analysis.
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