During the course the development of scientific management
different scientists working in the management field left their footprints,
which are still followed. One of the
prominent management expert was Professor Douglas Mc Gregor.
Approach adopted by Professor Douglas Mc Gregor was totally
different at that time because he was a decisive advocate to the humanitarian
thinking towards the workers & employees.
This approach was pragmatic but was very contradictory during those
early stages in the field of management. His view was to take the help of
scientific principles & techniques for solving management based problems,
related with workers & employees. After a long study, proposed two different
theories, known as X Theory & Y Theory.
Both the theories gained due importance for finding solutions to
labor oriented problems. A summarization is given below:-
X Theory:
This theory endorses that man is very selfish, neither ambitious
nor adaptive to changes, not diligent, prepared to give very minimum effort
towards work, runs away from responsibilities, and always emphasizes on
security by nature, and does not visualizes and peruses the goals of the
organization. Discussing the negative side of man, hence it is a negative theory.
So management should take stern action against workers, making
them committed towards the achievement of organizational goal. if needs be then
worker should be demoted and punished as well. Management must exercise strict
control over worker’s action thereby trying to get the best effort from them.
In this theory, Douglas Mc Gregor tried to establish that is was the only way
to get work done by workers & employees.
Y Theory:
In this theory, a U-turn view regarding workers has been
adopted. The workers capable, willing to perform, having ambition & hope,
decisive & enterprising, and give as much as possible towards the
attainment of pre planned organizational goals.
In this case the management has to make use of the willingness and
capableness of workers & employees. Mostly workers are experienced should
be motivated with incentives and fringe benefits to get the best possible
result. Better conditions & opportunities must be provided to develop their
education & skills. This theory is based on total positive aspect and hence
it is a positive theory.
X theory is based on negative & punishment features with
centralization of power, for getting job done. At present time it has no
utility and the theory has become redundant.
On the other hand, Y theory assimilates and supports appraisal,
motivation, incentives & rewards, mutual understanding & cooperation
between management & workers. The best part of this theory is that worker
is a factor of production with human nature & feelings so should be
persuaded willfully to give their best and achieve the organizational goals.
This is the modern approach and is popularly in use.
0 comments:
Post a Comment